Special Guests, Speakers, and Panelists
Official Opening
Honorary Speakers
Special Guest
Mr. Paul Lefebvre
Mayor of Greater Sudbury
Paul Lefebvre was elected Mayor of Greater Sudbury on 24 October 2022 and took office on 15 November 2022. He sits on the Greater Sudbury Police Services Board and the Greater Sudbury Development Corporation Board. Mr. Lefebvre was elected Member of Parliament for the riding of Sudbury in 2015 and served in that capacity for six years, until 2021. During his tenure in the federal government, he served on the Standing Committee on Public Accounts and the Standing Committee on Official Languages, and was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Natural Resources. He is an accomplished tax lawyer and has spent time advising the Ontario Human Rights Commission. He has also taught international tax law at the University of Ottawa. In the past, he has served as president of the Sudbury Community Foundation and the 2011 Canadian Francophone Games, vice-president of the Association de la presse francophone, and president of the Community Health Centre. He has also served as president of the Sudbury District Law Association and United Way. Passionate about music and theatre, he is the founder of the Sudbury Jazz Festival, which he also chaired. He is also a former president of Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario. He is the owner of a local business, a hockey coach and an outdoor enthusiast. He is married to Dr. Lyne Giroux, a dermatologist, and they have three children.
Special Guest
Ms. France Gélinas
Provincial Membre of Parliament
France Gélinas is the proud Member of Provincial Parliament representing the residents of Nickel Belt. Her riding is the seventh largest in the province, has 17 Ontario Parks and is comprised of over 30 communities including three First Nations. She was first elected to the Ontario Legislature in 2007 and has been returned in five subsequent General Elections. She is passionate about health care, francophone affairs and equity of access in the North. At Queen’s Park, France has served as the New Democratic Party’s Health Critic since being elected and is also the party’s critic for francophone affairs. She takes pride in representing the party of Tommy Douglas, who brought us Medicare. France believes that Ontarians deserve a high-quality health care system, one that is based on needs and not on ability to pay. France, a proud Franco-Ontarian, lives in Whitefish with her spouse Keith. They have three children and ten grandchildren. She enjoys the outdoors, loves rowing, kayaking, snowboarding, snowmobiling and is always ready for an adventure. She has an MBA from Laurentian University, is a licensed physiotherapist and an airplane pilot.
Special Guest
Ms. Rachelle Perreault-Léveillé
Executive Director at Collège Boréal
Rachelle Perreault-Léveillé is Executive Director of Human Resources and Inclusion at Collège Boréal, where she has worked for nearly 20 years. In this role, she is responsible for human resources as well as equity, diversity and inclusion, and relations with Indigenous peoples. As a member of the executive team, she supports the institution in its organisational transformations by focusing on human leadership, equitable practices and a healthy and engaged work culture. Her career has allowed her to develop recognized expertise in labour relations, organizational development and change management in complex environments. Deeply committed to inclusion and social justice, she believes that organizations have a key role to play in creating environments where every person can contribute fully and with dignity.
Special Guest Speaker
Ms. Leonette Henderson
Founder of Philanthroculture, Consultante, Cultural Worker
Leonette Henderson is a native of Clarksdale, Mississippi, with over 15 years of experience across higher education, nonprofit leadership, and education reform. Her work centers on advancing racial, economic, and social justice through community-rooted philanthropy, narrative change, and collective care. Leonette previously served as Director of Development and Narrative Impact at Seed Commons, a national network supporting community-controlled, non-extractive finance. She is the founder of PhilanthroCulture, a cultural practice and platform that reimagines philanthropy as a shared responsibility rooted in dignity, culture, and everyday people. A documentarian at heart, Leonette believes storytelling is essential to truth-telling, healing, and dismantling systems of harm. She holds a Master’s degree in Philanthropy and Development and is a proud HBCU alum of Tuskegee University.
Artists & Master of Ceremony
Maître de cérémonie
Raynald Leroy
Spécialiste en Diversité et inclusion, Animateur et Créateur de contenu
Raynald Leroy travaille à la fonction publique fédéral. Outre son rôle, il est la force créatrice de RayPresents, une chaîne YouTube qu’il anime et qui se consacre à la célébration de la diversité et à être une source d’inspiration pour la prochaine génération. Grâce à des discussions stimulantes avec des personnes compétentes issues de différents secteurs, Raynald fait valoir l’importance de la diversité. Au‑delà de ses réalisations professionnelles, il s’épanouit en tant que père de trois enfants.
Interprétation des hymnes
Liberty Silver
Chanteuse et Compositrice
Lauréate de trois Juno Awards et chanteuse récompensée par un Grammy Award, Liberty Silver est une artiste reconnue à l'international. Elle a débuté en faisant la première partie de Bob Marley au Madison Square Garden. Avec sa portée vocale de 6 octaves et demi, cette artiste au son suave de jazz, de soul, de R&B et de reggae continue de captiver les publics du monde entier. La légendaire Liberty Silver a été la première femme noire au Canada à recevoir un Juno Award. Elle a marqué la scène musicale canadienne lorsqu'elle a remporté trois prestigieux Juno Awards pour le Meilleur Single R&B et la Meilleure Enregistrement Reggae Calypso. Elle a été nommée pour le prix de la Meilleure Chanteuse Féminine Prometteuse et a collaboré sur un album de jazz nominé aux Juno Awards, faisant ainsi histoire en étant la seule lauréate et nominée à plusieurs reprises aux Juno Awards, à part Bryan Adams. Née au Canada, la diva a collaboré aux côtés de David Foster avec divers artistes musicaux tels que A. Geldof, Mikhail Gorbachev, B.B. King, Sheryl Lynn, Maya Angelou, Desmond Tutu, Céline Dion, The Temptations, Harry Belafonte, Brian McKnight, Taylor Dayne, The Jets, Natalie Cole, Gladys Knight, Cameo, Jeffery Osborne, J.T. Taylor, SOS Band et Oscar Peterson. Sur la scène internationale, Liberty a assuré la première partie pour : le Président des États-Unis Barack Obama, Bob Marley, Sir Bob A. Geldof, Mikhail Gorbachev, B.B. King, Sheryl Lynn, Maya Angelou, Desmond Tutu, Céline Dion, The Temptations, Harry Belafonte, Brian McKnight, Taylor Dayne, The Jets, Natalie Cole, Gladys Knight, Cameo, Jeffery Osborne, J.T. Taylor, SOS Band et Oscar Peterson. Ce talent polyvalent a également co-animé la cérémonie du Championnat du Monde de Basketball avec la star de la télévision Allan Thicke, animé sa propre série télévisée "Centre Stage Chronicles" et co-écrit et interprété le thème officiel des Jeux Olympiques de 1996 à Atlanta, Géorgie, et de 2004 à Athènes, Grèce.
Adresse territoriale ancestrale
Michael Cheena
Gardien du savoir autochtone et facilitateur de la réconciliation au sein des Cercles de réconciliation
Michael est fier d'appartenir à la Première nation et d'avoir des ancêtres cris de la Baie James. Il s'est installé à Toronto en 1975. Il a occupé plusieurs fonctions de premier plan au sein de la communauté autochtone de Toronto, notamment en tant que vice-président de l'AKEC (First Nations School of Toronto) et président du conseil d'administration du Toronto Council Fire Native Cultural Centre. Il a été consultant en recherche pour les bureaux des bandes des Premières nations (NAN) et a siégé au Comité mixte autochtone antiraciste de l'Ontario. Il est l'ancien président et représentant autochtone de l'Alliance urbaine autochtone de l'Ontario. En tant que survivant de deux pensionnats, il s'est rendu aux réunions de déclaration et aux audiences de la Commission de vérité et de réconciliation pour partager son expérience des pensionnats avec les Canadiens non autochtones. Michael a reçu la médaille commémorative du 125e anniversaire de la Confédération du Canada en reconnaissance de son service volontaire en 1993. Michael a travaillé à Na-Me-Res pour apporter une aide directe aux personnes en situation de crise. Il a été délégué syndical et président de la section locale 3950 lorsqu'il travaillait chez Temple Wire Products Ltd. Il est actuellement pair défenseur des droits pour l'IRSS au Toronto Council Fire Native Cultural Centre. Les études de Michael au Humber College et au George Brown College l'ont aidé dans son parcours de guérison et dans ses nombreuses tâches.
Passage et rites traditionnels
Ginelle Skerritt
Directrice générale de la York Region Children's Aid Society, Passage traditionnel et Lauréat de prix
Ginelle Skerritt est une initiée, une enseignante et une apprenante de la tradition des rites de passage akan, une auteure publiée sur les associations traditionnelles d'épargne et de crédit, une banquière et copropriétaire d'Adinkrafarm. Ginelle dirige des programmes de guérison et de récupération culturelle pour les enfants, les jeunes et les adultes. En tant que dirigeante accomplie d'une organisation à but non lucratif, elle a réalisé de nombreuses premières, notamment en tant que première PDG noire d'une société d'aide à l'enfance en Ontario et première directrice régionale noire d'UNICEF Ontario. Elle a reçu de nombreux prix pour son travail communautaire, notamment le Afroglobal Leadership Award, 100 Accomplished Black Canadian Women, le Daniel Hill Community Award et elle figure sur l'édition du 25e anniversaire de l'affiche officielle du Mois de l'histoire des Noirs.
Griot
Eric Sarah
Artiste multidisciplinaire
Diplômé de l'Université d'Ottawa en Sciences Politiques, Administration des Affaires et Développement International, Wandara Topzo est un artiste multidisciplinaire, natif de la République Centrafricaine, conteur, comédien, musicien, percussionniste, chanteur, maître de cérémonies, grand communicateur, motivateur et agent de développement communautaire. Joueur de ngoni, kalimba, guitar et balaphon, il fait aussi la danse traditionnelle. Il offre des spectacles et des ateliers de percussions, de danse et d’écriture de conte.
Keynote Speakers
Keynote Speaker
Mr. Andrew Bromfield
President and Chief Technology Officer; Formative Innovations Inc.
Andrew’s mission is to help organizations and people grow and he achieves this by aligning Information Technology with business strategy and professional development. It is through this commitment that he founded Formative Innovations Inc. in 2005 - a Toronto based creative + technology firm that specializes in the design, development, and management of technology solutions that power business and workforce competitiveness. As Formative’s President, Andrew's primary responsibilities include the creation and management of strategic initiatives and the realization of the company's long-term vision. In addition, Andrew plays a key role in the design and development of all product and service offerings as the Chief Technology Officer. Over the past 19 years, Andrew and his team has developed and deployed several highly effective custom software solutions that span multiple industries, including healthcare and financial services. More than a decade ago, Andrew realized the disruption that we imminent due to advances in IT automation and artificial intelligence (AI). This led him to begin development on a next-generation talent development platform called My 5 Mentors. Its evidenced-based approach adds structure and accountability to mentorship, while enabling a deeper exchange of knowledge and know-how. The identification and development of high performing talent is critical for any organization that wants to thrive in today’s highly competitive business environment. It’s why My 5 Mentors was created and available today. Prior to founding Formative Innovations Inc., Andrew acquired his diverse skillset by earning a Bachelor of Commerce in Information Technology Management from Ryerson University, where he majored in systems development and implementation. He immediately applied that knowledge with meaningful tenures at DoubleClick (now a Google company) and PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Keynote Speaker
Mr. Yves-Gérard Méhou-Loko
Founder and President; Manik Influence
A communicator and influence strategist, Yves-Gérard Méhou-Loko has over 25 years of experience at the intersection of media, public governance and intercultural dialogue. A former journalist at Radio-Canada, he went on to hold senior management positions, notably as Secretary-General of the Canadian Commission for UNESCO and Vice-President of the FCFA of Canada. Today, he helps organisations understand social dynamics, manage influence and build inclusive societies.
Keynote Speaker
Mr. Nosakhare Alex Ihama
Renowned strategist, executive coach, inspirational speaker, best-selling author, executive director of the Canadian Congress
Nosakhare Alex Ihama is a globally respected strategist, professional speaker, Fortune 500 consultant, and executive coach driven by one core conviction: when people change, everything changes. With a proprietary framework for transformation and a relentless belief in human potential, he equips leaders, organizations, and governments to lead with courage, optimize human capital, and create lasting impact. A nation builder in both calling and practice, Alex’s influence spans more than four hundred cities, forty nations, and four continents over nearly three decades. His work begins where real transformation always begins—not with policies or systems, but with people. With renewed thinking. With awakened purpose. With the disciplined pursuit of greatness. He has shared stages with presidents, prime ministers, billionaires, and global icons, and is consistently invited to headline prestigious platforms worldwide. His message resonates because it is lived, tested, and proven. As Founder and CEO of the International School of Greatness (ISG), Alex leads a global movement impacting millions through leadership academies, certification programs, and transformational coaching. He also founded and serves as Executive Director of the Canadian Congress on Inclusive Diversity & Workplace Equity (CCIDWE), one of Canada’s leading think tanks advancing cohesive, inclusive, and equitable workplace cultures in partnership with governments and corporations. In addition, he founded the Credit Union Transformation Institute (CUTI), partnering globally to align performance with purpose across the financial cooperative sector. With over 300 corporate clients acquired across 27 years, Alex has been featured on global networks and addressed the Senate and Parliament of Canada multiple times. He is the author of over 300 online courses and the bestselling books, Welcome to Greatness and The Mystique of Leadership. His forthcoming release, The Mystique of Transformation, arrives in the first quarter of 2026.
Discussion Panel with Q&A
Theme
HEALTH AND REAL EQUITY: "How can the new French Language Health Services Planning Centre ensure a health services approach in French by and for Black and racialized people in Ontario?"
Panelist
Dr. Beverly-Jean Daniel
Associate Professeur; Toronto Metropolitan University School of Child and Youth Care
Dr. Beverly-Jean Daniel holds a PhD in Sociology and Equity Studies in Education from the University of Toronto’s Ontario Institute for Studies in Education and a master’s degree in Counselling Psychology from the University of Toronto. With more than 25 years of experience across education, justice, and community sectors, she has worked as a therapist, youth counsellor, and equity consultant. Dr. Daniel founded The Bridge, Canada’s first university-based Black student retention program. Her research focuses on racial identity development, Black student success, resilience among Black youth, suicidality among Black young people, and health equity in Canada.
Context
The Honourable Marjorie Michel, Minister of Health, announced funding in Moncton to improve access to French-language health services for Francophone communities. Among other things, she stated that ‘when it comes to health care, language barriers can be a matter of life and death.’ We fully share this conviction, and would add that when it comes to healthcare, the racial barrier, combined with the language barrier, can be an even more critical issue.
In light of this important announcement, it is important to have a frank conversation with the leaders of this new health service planning centre to reflect on how services will be managed, particularly in terms of inclusiveness for specific groups, and how they will take into account French-language health services for Black and racialised communities among the populations served.
Discussion Panel with Q&A
Theme
REAL EQUITY IN EDUCATION: "Current situation and successful practices in education in French Ontario."
Panelist
Mr. Serge Miville, Ph.D.
Rector and Vice-Chancellor; University of Sudbury
A native of Smooth Rock Falls in northern Ontario, Serge Miville has been Rector and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sudbury since June 2021. He studied at the University of Ottawa and holds a PhD in history from York University. He is the author of some 20 scholarly publications on the history of activism in the Franco-Ontarian community. He has appeared in numerous major publications, including the New York Times, the Washington Post, Radio-Canada, Le Droit, Le Devoir and others. As rector, he transformed the University of Sudbury, founded in 1913, into an institution ‘by and for’ Francophones, thereby democratising access to higher education in French in Northern Ontario. A tireless advocate for equal opportunity, he strives to remove barriers to access and create inclusive pathways for all Francophone students. His leadership aims to strengthen the role of the Francophone community in Northern Ontario.
Panelist
Mr. Pierre Dadjo Ndjonoufa
Founder; Ottawa-Carleton Economic and Social Council
Pierre Dadjo is a well-known and highly respected community leader within the Francophone community outside Quebec, Canada. He is a skilled and experienced manager, an outstanding organiser, a social justice and human rights activist, and a man with a missionary calling. Mr. Dadjo is the founder of the Ottawa-Carleton Economic and Social Council, now known as the Centre d'Établissement, de Soutien et d'Orientation Communautaire (CESOC), which he led for over 20 years. In 2002, his organisational leadership and financial and human resources management skills propelled CESOC to become the best organisation of the year, winning the ACFO Ottawa Inc. Laurel Award. Mr. DADJO's ability to bring people together enabled CESOC, under his leadership, to build a well-structured and very solid community organization. CESOC, which had no financial or human resources when it was founded in 1992, had a budget of over $3 million in 2012, more than 37 employees, a central office and seven satellite offices. CESOC has become the leading provider of reception, settlement, integration and employability services for French-speaking newcomers and immigrants in Eastern Ontario and has an impact on all Francophone communities outside Quebec. When it comes to the essential needs for the socio-cultural and economic well-being of the Black community, Mr. DADJO spares no effort in working hard to achieve his goals. Mr. DADJO has several achievements to his credit, including his legal victory against Citizenship and Immigration Canada, which gave French-speaking immigrants the right to receive reception, settlement and integration services in French. He has made numerous interventions on behalf of victims of racism and systemic discrimination and fought many battles for equal rights for all French-speaking people outside Quebec, regardless of their ethnic origin. In 2012, Mr. DADJO left CESOC. He remained active in the community and continued his interventions on a case-by-case basis. In 2018, he founded the organization Notre Cause Commune Inc. (N.C.C). Members of Ontario's Black community gathered in November for the official launch of Notre Cause Commune Inc. It is in this capacity as Founder and Executive Director of Notre Cause Commune Inc. that he is involved today.
Panelist
Mr. Éric Génier
Senior Director of Educational Community Services; TFO
Éric Génier is a recognized strategic leader in the field of Francophone and community education in Ontario. As Senior Director of Educational Community Services at TFO, he uses his expertise in educational leadership, complex project management and inclusion to develop innovative educational initiatives. A proud Franco-Ontarian, Éric has dedicated his career to promoting student success and strengthening the pride of Francophone communities, which has a direct impact in the classroom. A former school principal and director of educational services and student services, Éric has also been a facilitator and course designer for the Association des directions et des directions adjointes des écoles franco-ontariennes (ADFO), supporting future school principals in the inclusive management of schools. He holds a master's degree in educational administration, is a co-author of scientific articles and an active speaker. Committed to his community, he firmly believes in the essential role of partnerships in building a strong and sustainable Francophone future.
Context
For decades, Black and racialised communities have highlighted the systemic racism and discrimination they experience in secondary and post-secondary education systems across Canada. In Ontario, for example, discrimination and harassment based on race continue to be a significant issue for racialised youth and educators in school boards and post-secondary institutions. Unfortunately, existing laws, policies and practices also contribute to perpetuating prejudices, beliefs, stereotypes and discrimination against Black and racialised communities.
That is why it is essential to understand what racism against Black and racialised communities consists of in order to find solutions and ways to eradicate it.
Discussion Panel with Q&A
Theme
POLITICS, IMMIGRATION, ECONOMY
Panelist
Ms. Rhonda J. Brussard
Author, Founder and CEO; Beloved Community & Awa by Beloved, PBC
Rhonda J. Broussard est auteure, entrepreneure et futuriste. Elle est fondatrice et PDG de Beloved Community et Awa by Beloved, PBC. Elle a développé Beloved Community afin de créer des voies durables vers l'équité raciale et économique régionale. Rhonda a été nommée Chevalier de l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques par le ministère français de la Culture. Elle est également Highland Leader, Tulane Mellon Fellow, Pahara-Aspen Fellow et Eisenhower Fellow. Elle siège actuellement au conseil d'administration de Generation Hope, du New Orleans African American Museum et de la Diverse Charter Schools Coalition. Rhonda est titulaire d'une licence en français et en enseignement secondaire de l'université Washington de Saint-Louis, d'une maîtrise en études françaises de l'Institut d'études françaises de l'université de New York, et a étudié les systèmes éducatifs au Cameroun, en Martinique, en Finlande, en Nouvelle-Zélande et en France métropolitaine. Rhonda est l'auteure de One Good Question: How Countries Prepare Youth to Lead (Une bonne question : comment les pays préparent les jeunes à diriger). Vous pouvez retrouver Rhonda, sa femme Kim et sa famille bilingue à Bulbancha, également connue sous le nom de La Nouvelle-Orléans, en Louisiane, où elle étudie, se produit et enseigne occasionnellement des danses issues de la diaspora africaine.
Panelist
Ms. Nadine Spencer
CEO; BrandEQ - Founder; Boss Women Entrepreneurship Program
Nadine Spencer is the Chief Executive Officer of BrandEQ, a global marketing and communications firm specializing in strategy, brand architecture, and equity-centered campaigns. She leads a multidisciplinary team that advises organizations on how to grow influence, protect reputation, and drive measurable impact through integrated marketing. With over two decades of experience, Nadine has designed and led major initiatives across public, private, and nonprofit sectors. Her leadership is grounded in the principle that marketing drives awareness, and awareness drives societal change. Under her direction, BrandEQ has become a trusted partner for clients seeking to align their brand with purpose, navigate complexity, and lead with clarity in high-stakes environments. Nadine previously served as President (2017–2021) and Chief Executive Officer (2021–2023) of the Black Business and Professional Association (BBPA), one of Canada’s most prominent economic advocacy organizations. During her tenure, she led a period of national growth and visibility, advancing policies and programs that directly addressed systemic barriers faced by Black entrepreneurs. Her leadership helped transform the organization’s profile, expanded access to capital, and positioned the BBPA as a key stakeholder in national conversations on economic equity. She is also the founder of Boss Women Entrepreneurship Program, a global initiative advancing women’s entrepreneurship through leadership development, access to capital, and strategic visibility. Through this platform, she champions a model of economic growth that is inclusive, sustainable, and scalable. Nadine currently serves on the Board of Governors at York University, the Diversity Institute Advisory Council, and the Lifelong Leadership Institute. Her previous board appointments include the Toronto Police Services Board, the Canadian Association of Police Governance, the Ontario Task Force on Women and the Economy, and the Junior League of Toronto, where she served as President. She has spoken at multiple United Nations convenings and global leadership forums, offering insight on entrepreneurship, economic inclusion, and the future of leadership. Nadine holds a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science with Honours from York University and has received numerous awards, including the United Nations Volunteer Award, the Harry Jerome Business Award, and the Certified General Accountants Businesswoman of the Year. Nadine Spencer’s work operates at the intersection of strategy, equity, and influence. She is reshaping the future of leadership through strategy, visibility, and systems change.
Panelist
Ms. Mnena Ibeneme
Immigration Development Officer; City of Greater Sudbury
Mnena Ibeneme is the Immigration Development Officer for the City of Greater Sudbury, and the Program Coordinator for the Sudbury Local Immigration Partnership where she leads initiatives that advance newcomer integration, service coordination, community partnerships, attraction and retention efforts. She serves on the Greater Sudbury Police Service Diversity Advisory Committee, the Board of Directors for United Way Centraide of Northeast Ontario, and several other committees contributing strategic insight and community leadership. With training in DEI, trauma informed practice, and project management, Mnena is dedicated to building a more inclusive, connected, and welcoming community.
Context
Nous assistons aujourd’hui à un tournant majeur en matière d’immigration. On observe un retour vers des politiques plus conservatrices, axées sur un contrôle accru des frontières et, en partie, sur la volonté d’apaiser certains courants politiques voisins qui véhiculent des approches ouvertement racistes.
Ces changements ne sont pas neutres : ils ont des répercussions directes sur les communautés francophones noires et racialisées et pourtant, la vitalité des communautés francophones en situation minoritaire dépend largement de l’immigration. Le renouvellement démographique et institutionnel des francophones – qu’il s’agisse des conseils scolaires, des associations ou des organismes communautaires – repose sur l’arrivée régulière et dynamique de nouveaux arrivants.
L’enjeu est encore plus pressant pour les communautés noires et racialisées, qui comptent sur l’immigration comme moteur de croissance, de représentativité et de justice sociale. Ces communautés, souvent déjà confrontées à des obstacles systémiques, voient leurs perspectives d’établissement et d’intégration fragilisées par le resserrement des politiques migratoires.
Dans ce contexte, la ville de Sudbury illustre bien les défis en cours. Si elle réussit à attirer des personnes immigrantes, elle peine toutefois à les retenir à long terme. Les difficultés liées à l’accès à l’emploi, au logement, aux services adaptés et à l’inclusion sociale freinent l’établissement durable des nouveaux arrivants, en particulier ceux issus des communautés noires et racialisées. Ces réalités menacent directement la capacité de la région à se renouveler et à prospérer.
An analysis of current policies and their foundations.
A field perspective on the evolution of reception and integration services, particularly in a city like Sudbury.
The concrete impact of these policies on Black and racialized communities
The risk of weakening institutions if migration flows remain limited .